What are the Changing Perspectives on Organization?

The environment is dynamic and changes according to time. Every organization establishes, exists and performs its functions within the changing environment. It is clear that the rapid development of technology, change in social expectations, political influence, and economic change force organizations to perform their business activities in distinct ways. Therefore they have to modify their existing business lines and also need to search for new lines of business on the basis of social demand and expectation as opportunities are created by the environment. The following are the changing perspectives on present organizations:

1) Open  system: Traditionally,organizations were viewed as a close system where they did not consider social needs and expectation. In close system there is no interaction with environment and organizations performing their is no interaction with the environment and organizations performing their business in this system are treated as machines.

2) Organizations are culture: All organizations have their own culture  that is to be followed by all the members. Culture is the sum-total of values, norms,traditions, beliefs and assumptions of an organization. Those are the basis of organizational functioning. If any dispute and misunderstanding arises among members or between the management and the employees,organizational culture is taken as the basis to resolve such disputes.

3) Globalization: The concept of globalization  has been emerging today in business organizations. Truly speaking, the introduction of network in transportation,communication, and economic inter dependency has tied the people of the world together by making the globe shrink in a narrow vision.A  quality product  produced in one corner of any country can easily reach all parts of the world without any restriction and barrier.Moat of the  multinational companies are global players in business is  not only to survive but also to prosper or succeed in material terms.

4) Learning system: It is a fact that knowledge is power and present society is based on knowledge. In this competitive environment, customers expect new ideas, new things and creativity in product or service from any organization. To fulfill such social expectations, primarily the job of the management is to accumulate knowledge and ideas of all personnel involved in the organization.Knowledge is not only confined to or acquired by managers; however, it can be learned from subordinates through interactions. Every employee involved in an organization may have specific or new knowledge in certain areas of management. Therefore, the most important job of present day managers is to manage knowledge of subordinates on the basis of requirement form outside sources to fulfill social expectations and to maintain the standard of the organization.

5) Temporary employment: The concept of employees'  appointment on temporary basis, on contract basis or on daily wage system has been evolved in many organizations. Slowly the concept of permanent employment is being terminated due to priority work rather job security and flexibility of work schedule.

6) Workforce diversity: Workforce diversity is concerned with involvement of heterogeneous nature of employees in an organization. Such diversity is increasing in organizations today because of changing population dimensions, to improve workforce, official pressure and increased globalization. Among the several dimensions of diversity, the important ones are age, gander, and ethnicity.

7) Team employment: Teams are formed today to perform a variety of jobs on the basis of requirement in the organization. The members of the team are experts in their own area of operation. They are empowered and independent in performing their jobs having authority to plan, allocate resources, coordinate and control  activities. 

  The team members, thus, are the in-charge of their work and can perform their work themselves according to their own logic and knowledge. And the managers only communicate information and play the role of coordinators.

8) Work time flexibility: It is emerging practice in competitive business organizations. It is contrast with traditional organizations, like in government offices, where working time for employees is fixed. In such organizations, workers work only for a fixed time specified by the management like from 10 AM to 5 PM. However, in competitive business organizations, the concept of twenty-four-hour operation has been evolved. For this, the total working hours are divided into shifts and workers are allowed to choose their shift according to their convenience.

9) Participative culture:  The practice of participation of employees in planning and decision making has been emerged  in modern organizations. In this practice the top-level management collects opinions, views and suggestions from subordinates before setting goals and taking any decision on its implementation. Basically, the concept of management by objective is implemented in practice, where all the members participate in the decision making process. It avoids the concept that the top-level managers is all in all for decision making.

10) Technological development: It is ever growing and an emerging perspective in every organization. It emerges in every sector of social activity including transportation, communication, computer software, data processing works, machine and equipment etc. Such technological development tends to increase the aspirations and expectations of customers, investors, competitors, employees and other stakeholders of the organization. It develops the concept of competitive environment among the manufacturers, suppliers and in professional services. It is responsibility of managers to keep in touch with any technological change in their own sector of business and grasp the opportunity to make business a success.