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What are the Changing Perspectives on Organization?

The environment is dynamic and changes according to time. Every organization establishes, exists and performs its functions within the changing environment. It is clear that the rapid development of technology, change in social expectations, political influence, and economic change force organizations to perform their business activities in distinct ways. Therefore they have to modify their existing business lines and also need to search for new lines of business on the basis of social demand and expectation as opportunities are created by the environment. The following are the changing perspectives on present organizations: 1) Open  system: Traditionally,organizations were viewed as a close system where they did not consider social needs and expectation. In close system there is no interaction with environment and organizations performing their is no interaction with the environment and organizations performing their business in this system are treated as machines. 2) Organi...
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What is Goal Displacement? What are the reasons for goal displacement? Breif it.

Goal Displacement:           Goal displacement is the act of unintentional change in the original goals into new goals. In this situation original corporate, strategic and operational goals are discarded and new goals are set for the survival of the organization. In goal displacement, existing resources are diverted from original goals to achieve new goals. Reasons for Goal Displacement:     The following are the common reasons for goal displacement: 1) Excessive delegation: Excessive delegation of authority to the subordinates may result in distortion of the original goal. Generally, the manager delegates authority and responsibility to the subordinates, but maintains proper supervision and control over their activities. But excessive delegation of authority and responsibility to subordinates without a proper controlling system may not meet the objectives of delegation and results in goal displacement. 2) Subordination...
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What do you mean by Goal Succession? How many reasons for goal sucession. Describe them.

Goal Succession:                              It  is the act of intentional review and modification of existing goals. It is essential when existing corporate goal has been achieved or cannot be achieved in the existing form due to environment influence.Goals should be modified on the basis of changing environment. Therefore, the management must collect adequate information of environment change before taking decisions on goal succession. Reasons for Goal Succession:  The following are some common reasons for goal succession: 1) Achievement of original goal: When original goal is achieved in a given period of time, it is essential to set a new goal, because it is a part of goal succession. A setting new goal is necessary for perpetual existence of an organization. A cement manufacturing company sets  a goal to produce 2,000 tons of ...
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What is Organizatin? What are the characteristics of Organizatin.

Organization:- It is a social aspect and an essential part of human life.It is an association of two or more individuals formed to achieve common goals. People used to join organizations when they could not perform jobs solely in an effective manner. In the Organization, there is a division of works on the basis of efficiency, delegation of authority and responsibility, having two way communications among them and coordination of activities among all the members.            Characteristics of Organization:- 1) Collection of People: The concept of organization comes into existence when two or more people come together to accomplish a definite goal. Therefore, organization is a human association in which, people interact with each other to produce a synergic effect and develop a network to communicate information and to maintain unity in work. 2) Common goal: The basis of an organization is a specific goal and it serves as a reason of...
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